Franz Kafka (1883–1924) was one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century; W. H. Auden called him a modern-day Dante. The word Kafkaesque entered the English language as shorthand for the disorientation and senselessness that Kafka so artfully detailed in works such as The Trial, The Metamorphosis, and The Castle. Born to a middle-class German-speaking Jewish family in Prague, his complicated relationship with his father deeply influenced his writing. Nearly a decade after his death, Kafka’s notebooks and letters were confiscated by the Gestapo—scholars search for them still.

The Blue Octavo Notebooks

by Franz Kafka, translated by Ernst Kaiser and Eithne Wilkins
(Diaries; Exact Change, 2004)


In 1917 at the age of thirty-four, Franz Kafka was diagnosed with tuberculosis. He spent most of the following year away from Prague, taking in the clean air on a farm in the Czech village Zürau (Siřem). Faced with his own mortality, Kafka started grappling with difficult religious questions: Why is there suffering in the world? What awaits us when we die? In two years, he had filled eight notebooks with short stories, parables, and aphorisms.

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