Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell (1810–1865) was a British novelist and short story writer whose work created indelible portraits of every stratum of society, including the very poor. She also wrote a biography of her friend Charlotte Brontë, who, during a visit to Gaskell’s home, hid behind the drawing room draperies rather than meet the other guests. Gaskell published her first novel, Mary Barton (1848), anonymously. Her remaining novels are Cranford (1853), North and South (1854), and Wives and Daughters (1866). She died suddenly of a heart attack and is memorialized in Poets’ Corner, Westminster Abbey.

Captain Brown

A Novel Excerpt

by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell

I imagine that a few of the gentlefolks of Cranford were poor, and had some difficulty in making both ends meet; but they were like the Spartans, and concealed their smart under a smiling face. We none of us spoke of money, because that subject savoured of commerce and trade, and though some might be poor, we were all aristocratic. The Cranfordians had that kindly esprit de corps which made them overlook all deficiencies in success when some among them tried to conceal their poverty. When Mrs Forrester, for instance, gave a party in her baby-house of a dwelling, and the little maiden disturbed the ladies on the sofa by a request that she might get the tea-tray out from underneath, everyone took this novel proceeding as the most natural thing in the world, and talked on about household forms and ceremonies as if we all believed that our hostess had a regular servants’ hall, second table, with housekeeper and steward, instead of the one little charity-school maiden, whose short ruddy arms could never have been strong enough to carry the tray upstairs, if she had not been assisted in private by her mistress, who now sat in state, pretending not to know what cakes were sent up, though she knew, and we knew, and she knew that we knew, and we knew that she knew that we knew, she had been busy all the morning making tea-bread and sponge-cakes.

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